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Frederick William ("the Great Elector") receives the Huguenots in the Year 1685 (1782)
The 1685 revocation of the Edict of Nantes was among Louis XIV’s greatest blunders. Issued by Louis’s grandfather, Henry IV (1589-1610) in 1598, the edict had granted religious freedom to the French....
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The Church of St. Charles in Vienna (1720)
The ambitions of absolutist rulers of the Baroque era found expression not only in secular buildings but also in sacred architecture, where religious themes mixed with secular messages in intricate....
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The Salzburg Protestants are Driven out of Austria and Settle in Prussia in the Year 1732 (1734)
In 1731, the Archbishop of Salzburg, Leopold Anton Eleutherius Reichsfreiherr von Firmian (r. 1727-1744), expelled some 20,000 Lutheran Protestants from his territory, blatant proof that confessional....
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Allegorical Depiction of King Frederick William I as the Patron of the Salzburg Protestants in the Year 1732 (1734)
In 1731, the Archbishop of Salzburg, Leopold Anton Eleutherius Reichsfreiherr von Firmian (r. 1727-1744), expelled....
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The Salzburg Protestants on their Way to Prussia in the Year 1732 (1734)
This engraving shows a group of Protestant expellees [Exulanten] on their way to Prussia. Between April and July 1732, approximately....
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Allegorical Depiction of Joseph II's Edict of Toleration of 1781 (1782)
Joseph II (r. 1765-90) was one of the leading representatives of “enlightened absolutism.” He introduced....
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Satirical Depiction of the Dissolution of the Monasteries as Decreed by Joseph II (c. 1783)
Unlike his mother, Maria Theresa, Joseph II (r. 1765-90) pursued his reforms impetuously, antagonizing....
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Enlightened Wisdom, in the Form of the Goddess Minerva, takes the Faithful of all Religions under her Protection (1791)
As the Enlightenment gained traction in Germany during the second half of the eighteenth century, calls for understanding and mutual tolerance between the religious creeds grew louder. The image....
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