Images - The Jews

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1.	The Jews' Alley [Judengasse] and Stockyard in Frankfurt am Main (17th Century) As a matter of both social custom and law, the Jewish quarters in most pre-modern European cities were segregated from the surrounding Christian neighborhoods. In addition to dwellings and business....
2.	Prussian Edict: All Unauthorized Jews Should be Driven from the Land Immediately (January 10, 1724) This edict by the Prussian monarch Frederick William I (“the Soldier King”) (r. 1713-1740) ordered....
3.	Prussian Edict: All Fraudulence Committed by Jews in Financial Transactions Must Be Stopped (April 8, 1726) This is another edict by the Prussian monarch Frederick William I (“the Soldier King”), who issued....
4.	The Gallows from which Joseph Süß Oppenheimer ("Jew Süß") was Hanged (1738) The “court Jew” Joseph Süß Oppenheimer (1698-1738, known colloquially and pejoratively as “Jew Süss”) was a financial adviser to Duke Karl Alexander of Württemberg (r. 1733-1737), who in 1736 took....
5.	Nathan Hirschl, Head of the Jewish Community in Prague, Stereotypical Anti-Semitic Depiction (c. 1714) This caricature appeared in II Callotto resuscitato od. neu eingerichtes Zwerchen Cabinet [II Callotto resuscitato or Newly Furnished Cabinet of Dwarfs]. Published in Augsburg around....
6.	Markus Levin (18th Century) Markus Levin (1723-1790) was a well-to-do Jewish merchant, jeweler, and banker based in Berlin. Levin’s economic success allowed him to become Hoffaktor [“court Jew”] at the court of Frederick II....
7.	Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Johann Caspar Lavater at Moses Mendelssohn's Home in 1763 (1856) Based on a 19th-century painting, this engraving depicts an imaginary meeting between the philosopher and political publicist Moses....
8.	Henriette Herz (1778) Henriette Julie Herz (1764-1847), the daughter of Benjamin de Lemos (1711-1789), a Portuguese Sephardic physician from Hamburg, was a well-known figure in late-eighteenth century Berlin society.....
9.	A Jewish Dandy (1804) The French Revolution’s granting of civil equality to French Jews reinforced support for a similar course of action in Germany. At the same time, however, the advancing social and cultural integration....
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