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Documents - Government and Administration: Confederation or Nation-State?
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1.   Ernst Moritz Arndt, "The German Fatherland" (1813)
Born and raised on the island of Rügen, then part of Sweden, the poet, writer, and nationalist publicist Ernst....
2.   German Federal Act (June 8, 1815)
The general agreement between the German states with respect to the founding of a Confederation was first signed by 35 individual states and four free cities (Lübeck, Hamburg, Bremen, and Frankfurt)....
3.   Carlsbad Decrees: Confederal Press Law (September 20, 1819)
From August 6-31, 1819, under the influence of Clemens Prince von Metternich (1773-1859), ministers....
4.   Final Act of the Viennese Ministerial Conferences (May 15, 1820)
The rules laid out in the German Federal Act were to be quickly supplemented by a Basic Law....
5.   The Six Articles (June 28, 1832) and the Ten Articles (July 5, 1832)
The political unrest following the Paris Revolution in July of 1830 and the liberal-democratic demonstrations at the Hambach....
6.   Johann August Wirth at the Hambach Festival (May 1832)
In the south German states, political unrest in the wake of the Paris Revolution of 1830, restrictive....
7.   "Germany's Unification" (1843)
Published in the Düsseldorfer Zeitung (September 3 and 5, 1843), the article "Germany's Unification" criticizes the existing German Confederation. It calls for a unified German nation-state....
8.   Eisenach Declaration of the National Association (1859)
In its founding declaration from August 14, 1859, the National Association emphatically calls for a "small German" solution to the question of national unification under Prussian leadership. Founded....
9.   The National Association on a German Constitution (1860)
The declaration of the National Association on the question of a German constitution (from September 4, 1860) clarifies the Association's view that a German nation-state was only possible on the....
10.   Program of the German Reform Association (1862)
The pro-Austrian German Reform Association was founded in October 1862 in Frankfurt. In contrast to the National....
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