31.
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Children in Berlin (c. 1910)
Here, a group of lower-middle-class children, who were probably part of an organized day-care group, can be seen in front of a row of houses in the Borsigwalde district of Berlin. Borsigwalde was....
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32.
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The Kitchen Staff (c. 1910)
Wealthy bourgeois families hired outside help both as a practical matter and as a mark of status. The vast majority of domestic servants were women. While the family matriarch oversaw the household,....
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33.
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A Female Mason Perched High above Berlin (c. 1910)
With the rise of industrialization, the number of German women who worked outside the home also increased. This usually meant factory work. But in some families with their own businesses, daughters....
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34.
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A Female Reportage Photographer Surveys Berlin (c. 1910)
Women in journalistic professions were a rarity in Wilhelmine Germany. Nonetheless, some women did succeed in establishing themselves as journalists – initially, they did so by working for the women's....
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35.
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Performing Calisthenics at a Gymnastics Festival (June 6-9, 1911)
This photograph by the Haeckel brothers shows athletes performing calisthenics at a gymnastics festival in Gotha (Thuringia) in which teams from various universities took part. In Germany, clubs....
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36.
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A Peasant Family at Lunch (1912)
Wilhelmine-era German households were largely patriarchal. Women played multiple roles, often contributing to the family income through work in the fields, even as they cared for the children. They....
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37.
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A Well-Ordered Grocery Store (1913)
By the early twentieth century, Germany was a highly industrialized country. A consumer society also developed. The shop in this photograph catered to the needs of German consumers. It offered whole....
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38.
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A Consumer Cooperative (c. 1913)
Consumer cooperatives bought goods in bulk and sold them to participating members. This approach allowed them to offer food and other everyday items at reduced prices. This photograph shows the counter....
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39.
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Women’s Suffrage! (March 2, 1913)
Clara Zetkin (1857-1933) was a leading representative of Social Democracy and one of the most famous women’s rights activists in the German Reich. She was the founding editor of the Social Democratic....
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40.
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International Women’s Congress (1914)
The first International Women’s Congress, held in Paris in 1878, was a step towards creating a transnational women's movement. Although activists sought to improve the condition of women internationally,....
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