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The War Begins – The Defenestration of Prague (May 1618)
In May 1618, the Protestant and Hussite estates met at Prague to discuss what they perceived as interference on the part of Crown Prince Ferdinand of Styria in Bohemian affairs in general – and in....
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The Catholic Triumph – The Edict of Restitution (March 6, 1629)
Published by Emperor Ferdinand II (r. 1619-37) on March 6, 1629, the Edict of Restitution crowned the military victories of Catholic forces (i.e., the Imperial and Catholic League armies) between....
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A Local Apocalypse – The Sack of Magdeburg (1631)
When King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden and his army landed on German territory in June 1630, Catholic....
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Peace Treaties of Westphalia (October 14/24, 1648)*
In 1643, negotiations began on a general peace to end the Thirty Years War. The Peace of Westphalia,....
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The Face of War – H. J. C. Grimmelshausen’s The Adventurous Simplicissimus (1669)
The modern image of the Thirty Years War (1618-48) as three decades of unremitting plunder and murder by marauding troops is largely attributable to a single novel, The....
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