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Documents - Demographic and Economic Development
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11.   The Economic and Social Significance of Gas Motors (1870s)
This passage points to the problems smaller businesses faced in obtaining the mechanical power necessary for manufacturing. The gas motor was an affordable alternative to the huge steam engines operated....
12.   Changes in the Construction Industry (c. 1880)
Construction work underwent profound changes in the era of accelerating industrialization after 1871. This passage illustrates how the breakthrough of serial production, mechanization, and the growth....
13.   Carl Friedrich Benz: A New Bicycle (1867)
Carl Friedrich Benz (1844-1929), an engineer from Karlsruhe, was a pioneer in automobile construction. In 1885, he built the first three-wheeled carriage propelled by a combustion engine. In this....
14.   Horse-Drawn Trolleys and Carriages in Berlin (1870)
Though many major train lines already existed in 1870, the electrification of the expanding public transportation system was still a way off. The primary mode of passenger transportation continued....
15.   Werner von Siemens on the Use of New Telephone Models (Letter of October 10, 1877)
This letter from Werner von Siemens (1816-1892) to his brother Karl in London shows the level of innovation and competition that resulted from efforts to enhance communication by means of public....
16.   Werner von Siemens on Electric Trolleys in Berlin-Lichterfelde (Letter of May 12, 1881)
Werner von Siemens (1816-1892), an inventor and entrepreneur in the field of electrical engineering, was one of Imperial Germany’s foremost industrial innovators and the cofounder of today’s Siemens....
17.   Telephones and Electric Light (c. 1890)
The late nineteenth century was a period in which technical innovations were becoming available to the general public. Focusing on one family in the city of Weimar, this first-hand account describes....
18.   Arno Holz, Naturalist Poet, on German Technological Progress (1885)
Arno Holz (1863-1929) was an important representative of Naturalism in German poetry. Beginning in 1881, Holz worked first as a journalist in Berlin, then as an author. He joined the Berlin Association....
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