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Documents - Part III: Section D – Catholic Responses
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1.   Defending Women’s Communal Life – Caritas Pirckheimer at Nuremberg (1524)
Protestant reformers condemned celibacy and advocated marriage. According to Luther and his followers, the problem with celibacy was not the abuse thereof – as most earlier reformers had argued –....
2.   Defending Women’s Communal Life – Dominican Nuns at Strasbourg (1526)
In the Empire's larger cities there was a large number of communities of the principal mendicant orders, especially Franciscans and Dominicans, and particularly of women. A single city might have....
3.   Defending Clerical Marriage – Katharina Schütz Zell (1524)
In this text, Katharina Schütz Zell (1497/98-1562) of Strasbourg, the daughter of a master artisan and magistrate, defends the Protestant side of the debate on celibate life versus clerical marriage.....
4.   Defense of the Imperial Church – Regensburg Reform (July 7, 1524)
The eruption of evangelical agitation in the 1520s challenged the Imperial bishops, who possessed no concepts or structures for collective church reform. While a few secular princes advocated straightforward....
5.   Swiss Defenders of the Old Faith – Articles of the Nine Members’ Delegates (1525)
In no sector of the Empire did popular regimes resist the new faith as quickly or as decisively as in the Swiss Confederation. The issue split the confederate assembly [Tagsatzung] and pushed....
6.   The General Mobilization of the Catholic Church – The Council of Trent (1547-63)
In December 1546, Pope Paul III called a General Council to Trent,....
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