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181.	Exclusivity and the Entrepreneurial Class in Remscheid (1880s) An awareness of hierarchical distinctions not only conditioned relations between the classes, it also reinforced fine gradations within them, as can be seen in this report by an in-law of the Mannesmanns,....
182.	Franz Hitze, The Quintessence of the Social Question (1880) A number of Catholic thinkers also focused on the social question. This excerpt is from The Quintessence of the Social Question (1880), written by the Catholic theologian and social reformer....
183.	From "Du" to "Sie": A Bourgeois Social Reformer’s Views on Workplace Relations (1880-1910) The hierarchical relations between unskilled and skilled workers on the one hand, and their workplace superiors on the other, were also reinforced by a linguistic convention of the German language:....
184.	Large Dresden Family Living on 1,000 Marks per Annum (c. 1880s) Illness and unforeseen circumstances could always jeopardize the welfare of working-class families in Imperial Germany. But as this excerpt from the autobiography of a working-class woman in Dresden....
185.	Memories of a Secondary School [Gymnasium] Student in Leipzig (c. 1880) Secondary schooling for the more privileged middle and upper classes was oriented more towards classical languages (and classical ideals) than practical subjects and contemporary issues. After ascending....
186.	The Effects of Social Democratic Activities and Unemployment on a Working-Class Marriage (1880s) Advocacy of socialism triggered severe state repression during the 1870s and beyond. After 1878, the Anti-Socialist....
187.	Working-Class Hierarchies in a Steel Factory (c. 1880) While the growth of a working-class consciousness resulted in common demands vis-à-vis the propertied classes, solidarity among workers did not always extend to everyday life. This account of worker....
188.	Jacob Burckhardt on the Likely Consequences of Antisemitic Agitation (January 2, 1880) Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897), a Swiss historian of art and culture, held a professorship in Basel, Switzerland, from 1858 until his retirement 1893. The following letter was addressed to his friend,....
189.	Emil Lehmann Addresses Leipzig Jews on the Antisemitic Movement (April 11, 1880) Emil Lehmann (1829-1898) was a Dresden lawyer and the first Jew to be elected (in 1865) to Dresden’s....
190.	Theodor Fontane, "On the Cologne Cathedral Festivities" (October 15, 1880) Theodor Fontane (1819-1898) is regarded by many as the most important German-language realist writer of the nineteenth century. But before he turned to writing novels – which he did only relatively....
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