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141.	The Appeal of the Conservative Party in One Federal State (1876-1877) The veneer of doctrinal unity and national reliability expressed in the German Conservative Party's 1876 program was transparently thin to observers in non-Prussian territories. These reports from....
142.	Program of the Catholic Center Party's Reichstag Caucus (late March 1871) After German unification the Catholic Center Party developed into the most stable political force in the Reichstag. It won between 90 and 105 seats, with 23-26% of the popular vote, in every Reichstag....
143.	National Liberal Party, Founding Program (June 12, 1867) With the defeat of Austria in 1866 and the establishment of the North German Confederation in early 1867, the dream of a “lesser German” (kleindeutsch) nation-state appeared within reach to....
144.	Program of the German Progressive Party (November 25, 1878) The Progressive Party had a longer tradition than almost any other party in the Bismarckian....
145.	German Radical Party, Founding Program (March 5, 1884) The founding of the German Radical Party in 1884 aimed at reuniting the fragmented liberal parties. The Progressive Party merged with the Liberal Union, also known as the “Secessionists” (1880) from....
146.	Saxon People’s Party, Founding Program (August 19, 1866) The Saxon People’s Party, led by August Bebel (1840-1913) and Wilhelm Liebknecht (1828-1900), championed the interests of the working population, but its initial program stressed democracy, not socialism.....
147.	The Social Democratic Workers’ Party, Eisenach Program (August 8, 1869) With the founding of the Social Democratic Workers’ Party at Eisenach in 1869, the leaders of the Saxon People’s Party took the decisive step towards establishing a socialist party in all of Germany.....
148.	Friedrich Engels on the Socialists’ Gotha Program (October 12, 1875) At the Gotha party congress in 1875, the Lassallean General German Workers’ Association merged....
149.	The Antisemitic German Social Party, Bochum Program (June 11, 1889) The Antisemitic German Social Party (1889) was a merger of several antisemitic groups that had spent most of the previous decade fighting among themselves and forming independent leagues, associations,....
150.	Herbert von Bismarck on Election "Overseers" in Danzig and Bismarck's Strategy against Left Liberalism (October 1881) In the 1880s Bismarck took great pains to mobilize pro-government conservative forces and undermine support for liberal candidates to the Reichstag. These excerpts from letters written by his son....
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