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61.	Bismarck’s "Putbus Dictations" on Germany’s Future Constitution (October-November 1866) As the historian Otto Pflanze has noted, the idea that Bismarck drafted the constitution of the North German Confederation in just two days in early December 1866 is among the first myths that fuelled....
62.	Alfred Lichtwark, Inaugural Address as Director of Hamburg’s Art Gallery (December 9, 1886) Alfred Lichtwark (1852-1914) was a school teacher, an art historian, a prolific writer and speaker, and the first director of Hamburg’s Kunsthalle [Art Gallery], which he led from 1886 until his....
63.	Carl Friedrich Benz: A New Bicycle (1867) Carl Friedrich Benz (1844-1929), an engineer from Karlsruhe, was a pioneer in automobile construction. In 1885, he built the first three-wheeled carriage propelled by a combustion engine. In this....
64.	Karl Marx, Capital, volume 1, The Process of Capitalistic Production (1867) Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a philosopher, a propagandist, and a revolutionary – in that order. He may stand as nineteenth-century Germany’s most important and influential thinker. In 1867, Marx published....
65.	Alfred Krupp on the Charm of Belching Smokestacks (January 12, 1867) The Krupp enterprise was founded by Friedrich Krupp (1787-1826), whose eldest son Alfred (1812-1887) took over sole proprietorship in 1848. Krupp’s principal products were machinery and machine components....
66.	Bismarck’s Speech in the North German Reichstag in Defense of his Draft Constitution (March 11, 1867) Here, Bismarck defends his draft constitution for the North German Confederation. There were two main issues, however, that exercised his liberal critics in the Reichstag. First, they wanted the....
67.	Miners Petition the King of Prussia for Relief from Intolerable Working Conditions in Essen (June 29, 1867) The law concerning “the supervision of mining and the relations between mine and steel workers by mining authorities” of 1860 was followed by Prussia’s General Mining Law [Allgemeines Berggesetz....
68.	Illustrated Periodicals as a Means of Popular Education (1868) The text below appeared in the Illustrirte Zeitung (Leipzig), Germany’s first illustrated newspaper. Published weekly from 1843 to 1944, it featured scenes from all corners of the globe. Edited....
69.	Johannes Brahms, A German Requiem, Opus 45 (1868) Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) was a giant of nineteenth-century German music. He was born in Hamburg, the son of a professional musician, and received early musical training in piano and composition....
70.	Students Attending Universities and Other Institutions of Higher Learning in Prussia (1869-1912) During the Bismarckian period the number of students attending Prussian universities and other institutes of higher learning shot upward, from about 18,000 in 1869 to over 40,000 in the mid-1890s....
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