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161.	Hedwig Dohm, "Women’s Right to Vote" (1876) Hedwig Dohm (1831-1919) was married to Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst Dohm, editor of the satirical journal Kladderadatsch. In a career spanning more than fifty years, Dohm published novels and plays....
162.	Household of a Large Working-Class Family in a Village near Frankfurt am Main (1877) This report from Taunus, a hilly area near Frankfurt, makes clear that families of workers – especially unskilled ones – often lived on the edge of desperation. As in this case, their situation was....
163.	Alfred Krupp, Address to his Employees (February 11, 1877) One of imperial Germany’s leading industrialists, the steel magnate Alfred Krupp (1812-1887) was....
164.	Werner von Siemens on the Use of New Telephone Models (Letter of October 10, 1877) This letter from Werner von Siemens (1816-1892) to his brother Karl in London shows the level of innovation and competition that resulted from efforts to enhance communication by means of public....
165.	Elementary School Pupils as Messengers and Workers (1878-1890) Social reformers understood how adversely child labor affected children’s health and school performance; but they also had to consider the economic pressures facing poor families. The following observations....
166.	Theodor Fontane on Changing Public Tastes in Theater (1878-1889) Theodor Fontane (1819-1898) was regarded by many as the most important German-language realist writer in the nineteenth century. But before taking up novels, he served as drama critic for the liberal....
167.	Anti-Socialist Law (October 21, 1878) The Anti-Socialist Law of 1878 was perhaps the most important repressive law of Bismarck’s chancellorship. Bismarck, who had never hidden his distaste for the teachings of socialism, made several....
168.	"The Nightmare of Coalitions": Bismarck on the Other Great Powers (1879/1898) After German unification in 1871, Bismarck believed that the greatest threat to Germany and international peace was likely to come from France. Therefore, he did his utmost to ensure that France....
169.	A Working-Class File-Cutter Remembers his Fatherless Childhood (1879-1909) Without a comprehensive social welfare system yet in place, the injury or death of the family’s main breadwinner could easily bring low-income workers’ families to the brink of ruin. This excerpt....
170.	August Bebel, Women under Socialism (1879) August Bebel (1840-1913), the son of a low-ranking Prussian officer and a wood-turner by trade, became the most iconic Social Democrat in Imperial Germany. In 1866, together with Wilhelm Liebknecht,....
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