| 121. |
Anti-Jesuit Law (July 4, 1872)
The term Kulturkampf (“cultural struggle”) was coined by the German pathologist and liberal politician Rudolf....
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| 122. |
"Pulpit Law" (December 10, 1871)
As the Kulturkampf ("cultural struggle") with the Catholic Church escalated in the early 1870s, Bismarck, supported by anticlerical liberals, passed a series of laws against what he regarded....
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| 123. |
Age of Registered Prostitutes in Berlin (1873)
Prostitutes were usually young women living in urban regions. The following table shows that more than half of the 2,749 Berlin prostitutes who were processed by police authorities and subject to....
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| 124. |
Former Occupation of Registered Prostitutes in Berlin (1873)
Nearly half of the Berlin prostitutes under police supervision in 1872-73 had been home-workers or shop assistants before they turned to prostitution. Only 16% had been factory workers.
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| 125. |
Friedrich Nietzsche on Germany’s Victory over France and the "Cultural Philistine": Untimely Meditations (1873-76)
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) had a tremendous impact on German philosophy in the nineteenth....
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| 126. |
Occupation of Parents of Registered Prostitutes in Berlin (1873)
This table shows that whereas one in five Berlin prostitutes under police supervision in 1872-73 had at least one parent who was a factory worker, almost one in two had a parent who was a craft worker.....
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| 127. |
Satirical Poem about "Founding Era" Speculators (c. 1873)
The economic boom of the “Founding Era” [Gründerzeit] from 1871 to 1873 was fueled in part by the heavy war indemnity imposed on (and quickly paid off by) the French after the Franco-Prussian....
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| 128. |
Total Production of German Industry and Crafts (1873-1894)
Between 1850 and 1873, the expansion of Germany’s railways fuelled sensational growth in the....
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| 129. |
School Inspection Law (March 11, 1872)
Control over education was an issue hotly contested by the Prussian government and the Catholic Church during the “cultural struggle” known as the Kulturkampf. The Prussian School Inspection....
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| 130. |
Karl Biedermann to Eduard Lasker, Agonizing over Liberalism’s Stance on Exceptional Laws (June 12, 1872)
Generally, the liberals were a driving force behind Bismarck's efforts to restrict Catholic influence in state affairs. However, the following letter by Karl Biedermann (1812-1901), a former 1848er....
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