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11.   Rosa Luxemburg Addresses a Crowd (1907)
Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919) passionately defended orthodox Marxism against the revisionism of Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932)....
Rosa Luxemburg Addresses a Crowd (1907)
12.   Leipzig Demonstration against Three-Class Voting in Saxony (November 1, 1908)
Socialists organized this protest in Leipzig after the Saxon government avoided reforming the state’s three-class voting system, which weighted votes for the state diet according to wealth.
Leipzig Demonstration against Three-Class Voting in Saxony (November 1, 1908)
13.   Prussian Electoral Reform (1909)
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1856-1921) replaced Bernhard....
Prussian Electoral Reform (1909)
14.   "Voting Magic, East of the Elbe" (1913)
The introduction of universal male suffrage in 1871 for federal elections did not curb the power of entrenched social elites. On Prussian estates east of the Elbe, attempts to control the behavior....
15.   The Zabern Affair: "The Alsatian Bogeyman" (1913)
Germany annexed Alsace-Lorraine in 1871; this followed the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian....
The Zabern Affair:
16.   Friedrich Naumann, Liberal Politician (undated)
Friedrich Naumann (1860-1919) was a Protestant theologian and politician who sought to reconcile Christian values with an industrial economy and liberal democracy. As a young man he translated his....
Friedrich Naumann, Liberal Politician (undated)
17.   Eduard Bernstein on his Eightieth Birthday (1930)
Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) was a leading member of the Social Democratic Party and the main proponent of the “revisionist” strain of Marxism. In 1899, he published the book The Prerequisites....
Eduard Bernstein on his Eightieth Birthday (1930)
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