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Documents - Part IV: Section B – Neighbors and Enemies
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1.   Observing the Ottomans – Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq in Istanbul (1552-62)
Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq (1522-1592), an Imperial subject from Walloon (i.e., French) Flanders, provided Christian Europe with its most comprehensive and informed perspective on the Ottoman power.....
2.   Rebels and Ottomans – The Habsburg Monarchy Makes Peace (1606)
War and peace between the Ottoman sultans and the Holy Roman emperors was a major strand of Imperial history from the Ottomans’ first invasion of Hungary in 1526 to their decisive defeat at Imperial....
3.   The Commander of Imperial Jewry – Josel von Rosheim (c. 1480-1554)
Josel (Joselin, Yoselmann, Joseph ben Gershon mi-Rosheim) was the Empire’s leading Jewish political figure under emperors ....
4.   Regulating Jewish Life – Ordinance by Landgrave George I of Hesse (1585)
During the sixteenth century, the status of Jews in the German lands was increasingly regulated by statutes. While regulation did not abolish discrimination, it gradually brought the German Jews....
5.   The Bavarian Witchcraft Law (1611)
The German lands produced a rich body of legislation on prosecuting accusations of witchcraft. Its status as a capital crime was fixed in Imperial law by the law code [Lex Carolina] issued....
6.   A Skeptic Looks at Witch Hunting – Friedrich von Spee (1631)
The early modern idea of witchcraft – injury committed through supernatural powers by someone in alliance with the Devil – was never entirely unchallenged. Johan Wier (also: Johann or Johannes Weyer)....
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