Documents - Germany at War, 1914-1918: Seeking an End to War

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1.	The September Memorandum (September 9, 1914) Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1856-1921) managed the precarious domestic consensus on....
2.	Germany’s Industrial Leaders on War Aims (1915) Annexations were part of the Right’s underlying assumptions about German victory. In the occupied territories to the West, the opportunities for exploitation were lavish, ranging from rich reserves....
3.	Ludwig Quidde: The Central Office for International Law (1916) Ludwig Quidde (1858-1941), a historian by training, was one of the most active critics of Wilhelmine....
4.	The Third Supreme Army Command and German War Aims (May 11, 1918) During the last two years of the war, the debates on war aims and domestic political reform associated a compromise peace with the end of a semi-authoritarian constitutional system. In the eyes of....
5.	A Separate Peace with Russia? (November 19, 1914) Late in 1914, General Falkenhayn (1861-1922), then the head of the Supreme Command, told the chancellor that he believed that Germany could not win the war militarily. He was convinced that a military....
6.	The German "Peace Offer" (December 5, 1916) Although their armies were locked in combat, the belligerent sides remained in almost constant diplomatic contact throughout the war. The most important prelude to the flurry of activity in 1917....
7.	The Reichstag’s Peace Resolution (July 19, 1917) Discussions of Germany’s aims during the war were wedded to visions of what the country’s political institutions would look like after the war. In issues of domestic politics, the Catholic party....
8.	Chancellor Michaelis’ Interpretation of the Peace Resolution (July 19, 1917) The impending passage of the Peace Resolution was a painful sign to the military leadership of Chancellor Theobald....
9.	The First German Note to President Woodrow Wilson (October 1918) On September 29, 1918, Erich Ludendorff (1865-1937) told the Kaiser and the civilian leadership that the war was lost, and he instructed the civilian government to negotiate an immediate armistice.....
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